A History of the Popes: Complete Series by Wyatt North

Author:Wyatt North
Language: eng
Format: mobi, epub, pdf
Publisher: Wyatt North Publishing, LLC
Published: 2015-09-25T06:00:00+00:00

Relations with Frederick broke down in 1238 when Frederick conquered the Lombard League and it became obvious that he was determined to conquer all of Italy. Gregory excommunicated Frederick in 1239 for invading Sardinia, and Frederick then called a council at which he denounced the pope. Both the pope and the emperor resorted to name-calling and propaganda, with Gregory calling Frederick “the forerunner of the Antichrist” and a “monster of calumny,” and Frederick calling Gregory a “Pharisee seated on the chair of pestilence, anointed with the oil of wickedness” (McBrien, 213-214). Frederick mobilized his forces, invaded the Papal States, and surrounded the Eternal City. Gregory died on August 22, 1241, with Rome practically in the hands of Frederick II, but the emperor’s forces withdrew after Gregory died and Frederick decided to wait and see what would happen.

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